FUNGAL DISEASE: About fifty fungal species cause human disease, usually by one of three major mechanisms. First, some fungi cause an immune response, resulting in hypersensitivity (allergic) reactions to the fungi. (The fungi themselves thus act as antigens .) For example, several Aspergillus species can cause asthma and other allergic reactions. The second mechanism is found in fungal species producing poisons or mycotoxins. Aspsergillus flavus grows on improperly stored grain and can produce aflatotoxins that cause tumors in birds and various other animals.

The third disease mechanism is infection. Mycoses (singular, mycosis) are fungal infections found in or on the body. Most mycoses are "nuisance" diseases, although some can be quite serious or even life-threatening. Many of the mycoses are caused by opportunistic organisms, organisms taking advantage of the patient whose defense mechanisms are down (such as persons suffering from AIDS [acquired immunodeficiency syndrome] ). Examples of opportunistic mycoses include histoplasmosis (usually respiratory), Cryptococcus’s (affecting any organ, often the brain), coccidioidomycosis (often respiratory), and candidiasis (the common yeast infection affecting any part of the body). (Candidiasis in the mouth and throat of newborns is called thrush.).

Related Conference :  5th World Congress on Control and Prevention of HIV/AIDS, STDs & STIs June 19-20, 2017 London, UK .3rd Annual Congress on Infectious Diseases  August 21-23, 2017 San Francisco, California, USA.7th Asia Pacific STD and Infectious Diseases Congress October 23-25, 2017 Osaka, Japan.6thEuro-Global Conference on Infectious Diseases  September 7-9, 2017 Paris, France.3rd International Conference on Flu and Emerging Infectious Diseases November 06-07, 2017 Las Vegas, USA.Singapore international infectious diseases conference SIIDC  on 24th to 26th August 2017 in Singapore.18^th ICID International conference on Global infectious Diseases macro to micro.4rth international conference on prevention & infection control 20^th -23^rd  june Guneva,switxer land.27th European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases  22^nd - 25^th April 2017 Vienna, Austria.STI & HIV WORLD CONGRESS JULY9-12, 2017 RIO DE JANERIO- BRAZIL.

TYPES OF FUNGAL INFECTION:

Fungi (singular is fungus) are primitive organisms that live in and on air, water, soil, and other surfaces. Some types of fungus reproduce by sending tiny spores through the air. People who have a weakened immune system and those who are taking certain medicines (e.g., antibiotics, corticosteroids) are at increased risk for fungal skin infections.There are many different types of fungal infections. Common types include the following:

Athletes foot (tinea  pedis)

Ring warm (tinea corporis)

Tinea capitis

Onychomycosis

Tinea versicolor

Cutaneous candidiasis

Related Conference :  5th World Congress on Control and Prevention of HIV/AIDS, STDs & STIs June 19-20, 2017 London, UK .3rd Annual Congress on Infectious Diseases  August 21-23, 2017 San Francisco, California, USA.7th Asia Pacific STD and Infectious Diseases Congress October 23-25, 2017 Osaka, Japan.6thEuro-Global Conference on Infectious Diseases  September 7-9, 2017 Paris, France.3rd International Conference on Flu and Emerging Infectious Diseases November 06-07, 2017 Las Vegas, USA.Singapore international infectious diseases conference SIIDC  on 24th to 26th August 2017 in Singapore.18^th ICID International conference on Global infectious Diseases macro to micro.4rth international conference on prevention & infection control 20^th -23^rd  june Guneva,switxer land.27th European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases  22^nd - 25^th April 2017 Vienna, Austria.STI & HIV WORLD CONGRESS JULY9-12, 2017 RIO DE JANERIO- BRAZIL.

PATHOGENICITY AND VIRULENCE:

Pathogenicity was defined as the capacity of a microbe to cause damage in a host . Pathogenic fungi are fungi that cause disease in humans or other organisms. The study of pathogenic fungi is referred to as "medical mycology." Although fungi are eukaryotic organisms, many pathogenic fungi are also microorganisms,

while virulence is viewed to be a relative term and defined as the relative capacity of a microbe to cause damage in a host. Specific pathogens possess a wide array of virulence factors. Some are chromosomally encoded and intrinsic to the bacteria (e.g. capsules and endotoxin), whereas others are obtained from mobile genetic elements like plasmids and bacteriophages (e.g. some exotoxins). Virulence factors encoded on mobile genetic elements spread through horizontal gene transfer, and can convert harmless bacteria into dangerous pathogens.

Related Conference :  5th World Congress on Control and Prevention of HIV/AIDS, STDs & STIs June 19-20, 2017 London, UK .3rd Annual Congress on Infectious Diseases  August 21-23, 2017 San Francisco, California, USA.7th Asia Pacific STD and Infectious Diseases Congress October 23-25, 2017 Osaka, Japan.6thEuro-Global Conference on Infectious Diseases  September 7-9, 2017 Paris, France.3rd International Conference on Flu and Emerging Infectious Diseases November 06-07, 2017 Las Vegas, USA.Singapore international infectious diseases conference SIIDC  on 24th to 26th August 2017 in Singapore.18^th ICID International conference on Global infectious Diseases macro to micro.4rth international conference on prevention & infection control 20^th -23^rd  june Guneva,switxer land.27th European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases  22^nd - 25^th April 2017 Vienna, Austria.STI & HIV WORLD CONGRESS JULY9-12, 2017 RIO DE JANERIO- BRAZIL.

PHARMACEUTICAL MYCOLOGY:

Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi, including their genetic and biochemical properties, their taxonomy and their use to humans as a source for tinder, medicine, food, and entheogens, as well as their dangers, such as poisoning or infection. A biologist specializing in mycology is called a mycologist.

From mycology arose the field of phytopathology, the study of plant diseases, and the two disciplines remain closely related because the vast majority of "plant" pathogens are fungi.

Many fungi produce toxins, antibiotics, and other secondary metabolites. For example, the cosmopolitan (worldwide) genus Fusarium and their toxins associated with fatal outbreaks of alimentary toxic aleukia in humans were extensively studied by Abraham Joffe.

Related Conference :  5th World Congress on Control and Prevention of HIV/AIDS, STDs & STIs June 19-20, 2017 London, UK .3rd Annual Congress on Infectious Diseases  August 21-23, 2017 San Francisco, California, USA.7th Asia Pacific STD and Infectious Diseases Congress October 23-25, 2017 Osaka, Japan.6thEuro-Global Conference on Infectious Diseases  September 7-9, 2017 Paris, France.3rd International Conference on Flu and Emerging Infectious Diseases November 06-07, 2017 Las Vegas, USA.Singapore international infectious diseases conference SIIDC  on 24th to 26th August 2017 in Singapore.18^th ICID International conference on Global infectious Diseases macro to micro.4rth international conference on prevention & infection control 20^th -23^rd  june Guneva,switxer land.27th European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases  22^nd - 25^th April 2017 Vienna, Austria.STI & HIV WORLD CONGRESS JULY9-12, 2017 RIO DE JANERIO- BRAZIL.

ANTIFUNGAL THERAPEUTICS:

Antifungal drugs are used to treat infections caused by fungus and to prevent the development of fungal infections in patients with weakened immune systems.

There are three classes of drugs typically used to treat fungal infections: polyenes, azoles, and echinocandins.

Polyenes:

polyenes’ are drugs that work by attaching to the sterol component found in the fungal membrane, causing the cells to become porous and die. The two polyenes most commonly used are nystatin (Mycostatin) and amphotericin B (Fungizone). Nystatin is often used as a topical agent to treat superficial infections, or is taken orally to treat candidal infections such as oral or esophageal candidiasis.

Amphotericin B was the first antifungal drug to be approved for use, and it is still the standard therapy for the most severe systemic fungal infections. Recently, several new types of amphotericin B (Abelcet, Amphotec and AmBisome) have been introduced. These drugs, called lipid formulations, cause fewer side effects than traditional amphotericin B but are more expensive.

Azoles:

Azoles stop fungal growth by preventing fungi from making an essential part of their cell wall. Three typical azoles are ketoconazole (Nizoral), fluconazole (Diflucan), and itraconazole (Sporanox). Ketoconazole is the oldest of these three drugs, and has been used since the 1970s. It is slightly more toxic than the other azoles and does not work for aspergillosis and many candidiasis infections.

Although fluconazole is effective against both superficial and systemic candidiasis, some strains of this fungus have now become resistant to the drug. Itraconazole, the newest of the azoles, is effective against a range of different fungal infections. Unlike ketoconazole or fluconazole, it can be used to treat aspergillosis.

Echinocandins:

Echinocandins are a new class of antifungal drugs that work by disrupting the wall that surrounds fungal cells. Caspofungin (Cancidas) is the first of this new class of drugs to be approved. It is an effective treatment for severe, systemic fungal infections, and is given to patients who do not respond to other therapies.

Related Conference :  5th World Congress on Control and Prevention of HIV/AIDS, STDs & STIs June 19-20, 2017 London, UK .3rd Annual Congress on Infectious Diseases  August 21-23, 2017 San Francisco, California, USA.7th Asia Pacific STD and Infectious Diseases Congress October 23-25, 2017 Osaka, Japan.6thEuro-Global Conference on Infectious Diseases  September 7-9, 2017 Paris, France.3rd International Conference on Flu and Emerging Infectious Diseases November 06-07, 2017 Las Vegas, USA.Singapore international infectious diseases conference SIIDC  on 24th to 26th August 2017 in Singapore.18^th ICID International conference on Global infectious Diseases macro to micro.4rth international conference on prevention & infection control 20^th -23^rd  june Guneva,switxer land.27th European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases  22^nd - 25^th April 2017 Vienna, Austria.STI & HIV WORLD CONGRESS JULY9-12, 2017 RIO DE JANERIO- BRAZIL.

IMMUNOGENETICS OF FUNGAL DISEASES:

Although invasive fungal diseases are often assumed to be the only form of fungal disease, fungi more commonly cause chronic disease in individuals with ostensibly normal immune systems, or allergic disease in those with hyperactive immune systems, such as atopic asthmatics. Invasive fungal diseases affect individuals with an underlying defect in the immune system and are rapid in onset with high mortality, whereas chronic and allergic diseases primarily affect individuals with normal immune systems and are long-term, even lifelong, conditions

Biomarker Of Fungal Infections

Immunogenetics OF Dermatophytosis

Immunology Of Erythema Nodosum Leprosum

Related Conference :  5th World Congress on Control and Prevention of HIV/AIDS, STDs & STIs June 19-20, 2017 London, UK .3rd Annual Congress on Infectious Diseases  August 21-23, 2017 San Francisco, California, USA.7th Asia Pacific STD and Infectious Diseases Congress October 23-25, 2017 Osaka, Japan.6thEuro-Global Conference on Infectious Diseases  September 7-9, 2017 Paris, France.3rd International Conference on Flu and Emerging Infectious Diseases November 06-07, 2017 Las Vegas, USA.Singapore international infectious diseases conference SIIDC  on 24th to 26th August 2017 in Singapore.18^th ICID International conference on Global infectious Diseases macro to micro.4rth international conference on prevention & infection control 20^th -23^rd  june Guneva,switxer land.27th European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases  22^nd - 25^th April 2017 Vienna, Austria.STI & HIV WORLD CONGRESS JULY9-12, 2017 RIO DE JANERIO- BRAZIL.

OUTBREAKS AND INVESTIGATIONS:

Fungal outbreaks have been linked to a variety of sources, including exposure to disease-causing fungi in the natural environment or injections with contaminated medication. With systems in place for early identification for these types of events, CDC and partners can continue to track, test for, respond to, and better understand emerging fungal health threats.

Related Conference :  5th World Congress on Control and Prevention of HIV/AIDS, STDs & STIs June 19-20, 2017 London, UK .3rd Annual Congress on Infectious Diseases  August 21-23, 2017 San Francisco, California, USA.7th Asia Pacific STD and Infectious Diseases Congress October 23-25, 2017 Osaka, Japan.6thEuro-Global Conference on Infectious Diseases  September 7-9, 2017 Paris, France.3rd International Conference on Flu and Emerging Infectious Diseases November 06-07, 2017 Las Vegas, USA.Singapore international infectious diseases conference SIIDC  on 24th to 26th August 2017 in Singapore.18^th ICID International conference on Global infectious Diseases macro to micro.4rth international conference on prevention & infection control 20^th -23^rd  june Guneva,switxer land.27th European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases  22^nd - 25^th April 2017 Vienna, Austria.STI & HIV WORLD CONGRESS JULY9-12, 2017 RIO DE JANERIO- BRAZIL.

CAUSES & SYMPTOMS OF FUNGUS:

Fungal diseases are usually caused by common fungi found in our environment, including       the soil, plants, trees, and even on our skin and other parts of the body. Symptoms of fungal infection depend on the type and location in the body. Fungal infections may be mild, manifesting as rashes or mild respiratory problems. However, some diseases caused by fungi may be severe and can cause serious complications and death.

common skin inflammation

Trichophyton rubrum

Malassezia

yeast infections

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DIAGNOSIS OF FUNGAL INFECTION:

Most diagnoses of fungal infections of the skin can be made by physical examination, assisted by the use of a Wood's lamp, skin scrapings for microscopic examination, and fungal cultures. Dermatophyte infections are common at all ages, in both sexes, and they have a worldwide distribution. These infections include tinea capitis, tinea cruris, tinea pedis, tinea corporis, tinea manuum and tinea barbae. Tinea versicolor, caused by Malassezia furfur, and candidal infections are also common. 

Mucorales

Cultures of clinical specimens

Histopathology

Anti fungal therapy

Diagnosis of Dermatophytosis.

Related Conference :  5th World Congress on Control and Prevention of HIV/AIDS, STDs & STIs June 19-20, 2017 London, UK .3rd Annual Congress on Infectious Diseases  August 21-23, 2017 San Francisco, California, USA.7th Asia Pacific STD and Infectious Diseases Congress October 23-25, 2017 Osaka, Japan.6thEuro-Global Conference on Infectious Diseases  September 7-9, 2017 Paris, France.3rd International Conference on Flu and Emerging Infectious Diseases November 06-07, 2017 Las Vegas, USA.Singapore international infectious diseases conference SIIDC  on 24th to 26th August 2017 in Singapore.18^th ICID International conference on Global infectious Diseases macro to micro.4rth international conference on prevention & infection control 20^th -23^rd  june Guneva,switxer land.27th European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases  22^nd - 25^th April 2017 Vienna, Austria.STI & HIV WORLD CONGRESS JULY9-12, 2017 RIO DE JANERIO- BRAZIL.

TREATMENT & PREVENTION OF FUNGAL INFECTION:

Antifungal Drugs Are Used To Treat Fungal Diseases. Depending On The Nature Of The Infection, A Topical Or Systemic Agent May Be Used.

Example Of Antifungals Include: Fluconazole Which Is The Basis Of Many Over-The-Counter Antifungal Treatments . Another Example Is Amphotericin B Which Is More Potent And Used In The Treatment Of The Most Severe Fungal Infections That Show Resistance To Other Forms Of Treatment And It Is Administered Intravenously.

Drugs To Treat Skin Infections Are The Azoles: Ketoconazole, Itraconazole, Terbinafine Among Others.

Yeast Infections In The Vagina, Caused By Candida Albicans, Can Be Treated With Medicated Suppositories Such As Tioconazole And Pessaries Whereas Skin Yeast Infections Are Treated With Medicated Ointments.

Related Conference :  5th World Congress on Control and Prevention of HIV/AIDS, STDs & STIs June 19-20, 2017 London, UK .3rd Annual Congress on Infectious Diseases  August 21-23, 2017 San Francisco, California, USA.7th Asia Pacific STD and Infectious Diseases Congress October 23-25, 2017 Osaka, Japan.6thEuro-Global Conference on Infectious Diseases  September 7-9, 2017 Paris, France.3rd International Conference on Flu and Emerging Infectious Diseases November 06-07, 2017 Las Vegas, USA.Singapore international infectious diseases conference SIIDC  on 24th to 26th August 2017 in Singapore.18^th ICID International conference on Global infectious Diseases macro to micro.4rth international conference on prevention & infection control 20^th -23^rd  june Guneva,switxer land.27th European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases  22^nd - 25^th April 2017 Vienna, Austria.STI & HIV WORLD CONGRESS JULY9-12, 2017 RIO DE JANERIO- BRAZIL.

VACCINATION OF FUNGAL INFECTION:

A global major concern is the emergence and spread of life-threatening invasive infections in immunocompromised patients, in which the opportunistic fungal infections have greatly increased in the last decades. The high mortality rates associated with these infections, which remain as high as 40%, are due to the limited therapeutic options and the emergence of drug-resistant fungi, but also due to the lack of efficient early diagnosis. Consequently, these facts led to the opinion that new approaches are needed to improve the outcome of these patients, such as immunopreventive strategies that could even be combined with standard antifungal treatment. In view of the proven effectiveness of various antibacterial and antiviral vaccines in preventing the respective diseases, several works have been developed to induce protective immunity against fungal infections as well. The better understanding of how the immune system works against fungal pathogens has made possible to explore immunomodulatory strategies that can protect both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts and generate memory. Recently, two fungal vaccines against Candida have advanced through clinical trials.

Related Conference :  5th World Congress on Control and Prevention of HIV/AIDS, STDs & STIs June 19-20, 2017 London, UK .3rd Annual Congress on Infectious Diseases  August 21-23, 2017 San Francisco, California, USA.7th Asia Pacific STD and Infectious Diseases Congress October 23-25, 2017 Osaka, Japan.6thEuro-Global Conference on Infectious Diseases  September 7-9, 2017 Paris, France.3rd International Conference on Flu and Emerging Infectious Diseases November 06-07, 2017 Las Vegas, USA.Singapore international infectious diseases conference SIIDC  on 24th to 26th August 2017 in Singapore.18^th ICID International conference on Global infectious Diseases macro to micro.4rth international conference on prevention & infection control 20^th -23^rd  june Guneva,switxer land.27th European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases  22^nd - 25^th April 2017 Vienna, Austria.STI & HIV WORLD CONGRESS JULY9-12, 2017 RIO DE JANERIO- BRAZIL.

CASE REPORTS OF FUNGAL DISEASES:

The use of medical cases in the problem-based learning approach has been increasing in medical schools worldwide.The use of medical cases has become a powerful tool for education using the problem-based learning (PBL) approach . PBL has been incorporated in the curriculum of many medical schools in several parts of the world, especially in the United States . The PBL approach in medical education promotes learning by confronting clinical problems . Thus, medical students and physicians in training and practice around the world have considered the step-by-step presentation and discussion of medical cases to be valuable from the educational point of view.

Case Report Of Fungal Infections

Allergic Reactions

Toxin Production

Opportunistic Fungal Infections, Diagnostic Methods

Related Conference :  5th World Congress on Control and Prevention of HIV/AIDS, STDs & STIs June 19-20, 2017 London, UK .3rd Annual Congress on Infectious Diseases  August 21-23, 2017 San Francisco, California, USA.7th Asia Pacific STD and Infectious Diseases Congress October 23-25, 2017 Osaka, Japan.6thEuro-Global Conference on Infectious Diseases  September 7-9, 2017 Paris, France.3rd International Conference on Flu and Emerging Infectious Diseases November 06-07, 2017 Las Vegas, USA.Singapore international infectious diseases conference SIIDC  on 24th to 26th August 2017 in Singapore.18^th ICID International conference on Global infectious Diseases macro to micro.4rth international conference on prevention & infection control 20^th -23^rd  june Guneva,switxer land.27th European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases  22^nd - 25^th April 2017 Vienna, Austria.STI & HIV WORLD CONGRESS JULY9-12, 2017 RIO DE JANERIO- BRAZIL.

Importance & Scope:

In the new bio-economy, fungi play a very important role in addressing major global challenges, being instrumental for improved resource efficiency, making renewable substitutes for products from fossil resources, upgrading waste streams to valuable food and feed ingredients, counteracting life-style diseases and antibiotic resistance through strengthening the gut biota, making crop plants more robust to survive climate change conditions, and functioning as host organisms for production of new biological drugs.

This range of new uses of fungi and control of diseases all stand on the shoulders of the efforts of mycologists over generations: the scientific discipline mycology has built comprehensive understanding within fungal biodiversity, classification, evolution, genetics, physiology, ecology, pathogenesis, and nutrition. Fungal Infections and its control could not make progress without this platform. To unfold the full potentials of what fungi can do for both environment and man we need to strengthen the field of mycology on a global scale.

 Fungal-2017 aims to bring together leading academic scientists, researchers and research scholars to exchange and share their experiences and research results about all aspects of Fungal. It also provides the chance for researchers, practitioners and educators to present and discuss the most recent innovations, trends, and concerns, practical challenges encountered and the solutions adopted in the fields of Fungal.

Fungal-2017 is an international platform for presenting research about diagnosis, prevention and management of pediatric diseases, exchanging ideas about it and thus, contributes to the dissemination of knowledge in Fungal for the benefit of both the academia and business. This event brings all the eminent researchers and experts in the field of Fungal  medicine to explore the advancements in the prevention and management of Fungal diseases. We bring together industrial executives ,Fungal  Parma and Health care sectors making the conference a perfect platform to network, share views and knowledge through interactive discussions.

Why UAE ?

Fungi are widespread in the environment so it is not unusual that a large amount of fungi and their spores end up being inhaled into the lungs or landing on the skin. Under conditions of moisture, warmth, irritation and injury these fungi grow rapidly and may cause infection.

Fungal infections of the skin that usually result in red, flaky patches on the skin cause physical stress and lead to mental distress. The hot, humid weather of the UAE is the ideal breeding ground for these infections and it is advisable to take precautionary actions.

Fungal infections of the skin, hair, and nails are a common public health problem worldwide. However, a population-based survey reported that they are rarely managed . The prevalence of skin fungal infections is expected to reach 20–25% and toe nails infection ,candida and other fungal infection are to be expected to reach 70-85% of the world's were as in USA 30-60% and in UAE 35-40%.

Statistics of fungal infection:

Globally, over 300 million people are afflicted with a serious fungal infection and 25 milllion are at high risk of dying or losing their sight. Estimates for the global burden of fungal diseases are based on population and disease demographics (age, gender, HIV infected, asthma etc)1. Some fungal diseases are acute and severe (i.e. cryptococcal meningitis and fungal eye infection (keratitis), other recurrent (i.e. Candida vaginitis or oral candidiasis in AIDS) and other chronic (i.e. chronic pulmonary aspergillosis or fungal hair infection (tinea capitis). 

Among the fungal infections, showed a higher prevalence (16,035,399 cases) than the other superficial mycoses (794,847 cases) between the years 2006 and 2016.

Estimation of  infected people in different age:

Universities in UAE :